Blenny y Gobio

Grupo 8: Habitantes del fondo pequeños y alargados

Blenny y Gobio

Grupo 8: habitantes del fondo pequeños y alargados: los peces pequeños que habitan en el fondo suelen ser los peces más interesantes de observar durante la inmersión. Su naturaleza accesible y sus comportamientos interesantes los convierten en excelentes hallazgos para la observación de peces. Los blenios tienden a ser un poco más grandes que los gobios, pero se reconocen más fácilmente por su postura corporal curva y sus rostros expresivos. Los gobios, aunque similares en sus requisitos de hábitat, tienden a sentarse planos y derechos en el fondo. En realidad, los peces mandíbula viven en una madriguera en la arena que excavan y mantienen.

Bluespotted Jawfish (boca manchada azul, Opistognathus rosenblatti)

Jawfish
are some of the most fascinating bottom dwellers to find and watch during your dives. They can be found hovering vertically just above their holes in a sandy or rubble bottom. As divers approach, the jawfish will back down into their holes tail first to disappear. Males of the species incubate eggs until they hatch by holding them in their mouths to prevent predation. The bluespotted jawfish is covered in blue spots. (Max. size 4”)

Browncheek Blenny (carillo moreno, Acanthemblemaria crockeri)

This
charismatic blenny will often be found inside abandoned barnacle shells. The obvious large, brown mark on its cheek is the key characteristic to identifying the browncheek blenny. The bush-like cirri over each eye confirms that it is a blenny not a goby. (Max. size 2.5”)

Panamic Fanged Blenny (trambollito negro, Ophioblennius steindachneri)

Very large in size for a blenny, the blunt head and round ocellated spot on the gill
cover make the fanged blenny easy to find and ID. (Size 4-7”, max. 9”)

Lizard Triplefin (largatija tres aletas, Crocodilichthys gracilis)

Triplefins are a category of blennies that have three dorsal fins. The lizard triplefin is a common site in the Gulf of California, often perched on top of a rock. The thick dark band at the tail, bordered on both sides by a white band is the characteristic marking for this fish. (Max. size 2.5”)

Redhead Goby (gobio de cabeza rojo, Elacatinus puncticulatus)

The redhead
goby sits motionless on the hard rocky surfaces in shallow water. Bright red stripes on its head are the id key to those keen enough to sight this 2” long fish. (Max size 2”)

Bluebanded Goby (gobio bonito, Lythrypnus dalli)

A brilliant red goby with bright blue bands from its head to mid-body, this fish can be found all the way up into Southern California. They are territorial so if you spot one and it darts away, wait a minute and it will probably return. (Size 0.75”-2”, max. 2.5”)

Panamic Barnacle Blenny (Acanthemblemaria hancocki)

A species of chaenopsid blenny found in coral reefs around Costa Rica and Panama, in the eastern central Pacific ocean. They can reach a maximum length of 4.5 cm (1.8 in). This species feeds primarily on zooplankton. The specific name honours the leader of the expedition on which the type was collected, the oil magnate and philanthropist Captain George Allan Hancock (1875-1965).

Bluntspine Barnacle Blenny (Acanthemblemaria exilispinus)

A species of chaenopsid blenny found in coral reefs from Costa Rica to Ecuador, in the eastern central Pacific ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in). This species feeds primarily on zooplankton.

Sabertooth Blenny (Petroscirtes lupus )

A species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the western and Eastern Pacific ocean. This species reaches a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in). A variably greyish, brown or greenish blenny with six large dark blotches, white dots and dashes on upper sides, and dark dots below. It has two large canines in the lower jaw which are used for defence, although this species is not venomous, and they have been known to bite if handled.[3] They live among sea grass beds, seaweed or the empty shells of molluscs. The female lays her eggs on the interior of a mollusc shell and the male guards them.

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1. Disks and Ovals / Colorful

The first category of disk and oval shaped fish are very important to learn. They are colorful, large and very obvious and the three main families that make up the group can be found on almost every dive.

2. Silvery Fish

Silvery fish have many different family members, though we will look at just a few representatives. As opposed to the colorful butterfly, angel and surgeonfish, the silvery fish tend to blend in better in open water and are usually not found near the colorful bottom.

3. Sloping Head / Tapered Body

This third group of “fish-like” fish, are very important to learn. The are common on most dives and are also highly sought after as food fish. It is especially important to monitor these fish to provide data for fisheries management. Snappers can be very difficult to tell apart from the similarly shaped grunts. One helpful hint is to look at their tails. Snappers tend to have straight, flat tails. They are also known for their habit of snapping their mouth open and shut when caught on hook and line. They have very sharp canine teeth that can provide a nasty bite to the unsuspecting angler. Look closely on your next dive and you may see the small teeth protruding from the side of the mouth. Grunts on the other hand, have slightly notched tails. They get their name from the grunting sounds they emit when threatened. These sounds are created by rubbing together bony teeth plates located in the back of the throat. Since the teeth are in the throat, a diver will never see protruding teeth on a grunt, only big blubbery fish lips.

4. Small Ovals / Damselfish

While divers tend to first notice the larger, more obvious fish on a dive, after a short while the challenge to find new species leads them to change their search image to look for smaller, previously unnoticed fish. Generally, the first new species a diver will encounter will belong to the small oval shaped group. This group is broken into the damselfish and their close cousins the chromis. Damsels are like the surgeonfish in that they eat algae. They do not roam around grazing, but rather tend to small algae gardens like a farmer. These areas are guarded fiercely as the algae farm is the damsels food source. For that reason you can think of the damselfish as not just territorial, but Dam- selfish with its territory. Many damselfish have distinctly different colors as juveniles, often being much brighter and more colorful when they are young and becoming drab with age. (much like us humans!) For this reason, the juveniles have been heavily collected for the aquarium trade and are under heavy fishing pressure. As part of the REEF Fish Survey Project, divers are asked to monitor the juveniles and adults separately in two of the damselfish species – the Cortez damselfish and the giant damselfish.

5. Heavy Body / Large Lips

Heavy bodied, large lipped fish belong to the seabass family. We tend to refer to the larger seabasses as groupers and the smaller seabasses as bass or basslets. These fish are extremely important food fish and are under increasing threats from heavy fishing pressures. Monitoring these fish can help provide valuable data to aid in their protection. Most seabasses are hermaphrodites, meaning the same fish will be both a male and a female during its lifetime. The groupers are all born female and later change sex to become male. Most large groupers also congregate each year to spawn at a specific location, making them easy targets for emerging positioning and fishing technology.

6. Swim with Pectorals / Obvious Scales

The fish in this group all use their pectoral fins to swim with rather than the traditional tail swimming of most other fish. The scales are also quite large and obvious. These fish can also be hermaphrodites, like the groupers, with some fish changing sex and others staying the same. Intermediate and adult fish often have very different appearances compared to the always-male terminal phase. This means learning two colors to be able to ID the same species of fish. Most of the pictures shown in this curriculum are terminal phase males, unless noted.

7. Redish / Big Eyes

This group of reddish fish is normally not seen during day dives due to their nocturnal nature. The reddish color helps them blend in at night and the large eyes help them to see better.

8. Small, Elongated Bottom Dwellers

The small bottom dwelling fish often make up the most interesting fish to watch during your dive. Their approachable nature and interesting behaviors make them great fishwatching finds. Blennies tend to be slightly larger than gobies, but are most easily recognized by their curved body posture and expressive faces. Gobies, though similar in their habitat requirements, tend to sit flat and straight on the bottom. The jawfishes actually live in a burrow in the sand that they excavate and maintain.

9. Odd-Shaped Bottom-Dwellers

This category of fish is made up of families and species that didn’t quite fit anywhere else due to their unique body shapes.

10. Odd-Shaped Swimmers

This group of fish contain families that are unusual in their shape, but are swimmers rather than bottom dwellers.

11. Eels

Though looking like snakes, eels are fish. There are several different types of eels, and we will look at two – garden eels that live in burrows in the sand and moray eels. Moray eels have a bad reputation mainly due to the constant opening and closing of their sharp toothed mouths. However, this is not a threat to divers, as this action pumps water through their gills. Most eels are actually very shy.

12. Sharks & Rays

Even though the sharks and rays are cartilaginous (their skeletons are made of cartilage instead of bones), they are still referred to as fish and count during our surveys.

FUN Facts

5 Fun Facts - Blennies & Gobies

Blenny es un nombre común para muchos tipos de peces, incluidas varias familias de peces marinos, salobres y algunos de agua dulce que comparten morfología y comportamiento similares. Se consideran "verdaderos blenios" seis familias, agrupadas bajo el orden Blenniiformes; sus miembros se conocen como bleniiformidos. Dentro del orden se han descrito alrededor de 151 géneros y casi 900 especies. Los bleniiformidos son superficialmente bastante similares a los miembros de las familias de los gobios y los dragoncitos, así como a varias otras familias no relacionadas a cuyos miembros ocasionalmente se les ha dado el nombre de "blenio".

Gobio es un nombre común para muchas especies de peces con aletas radiadas de tamaño pequeño a mediano, normalmente con cabezas grandes y cuerpos cónicos, que se encuentran en ambientes marinos, salobres y de agua dulce. Los gobios son miembros de la familia Gobiidae, que es una especie definida por sus aletas pélvicas espinosas que están fusionadas para funcionar como un disco succionador ventral. Este rasgo permite a los gobios adherirse al terreno u objetos en situaciones de fuertes corrientes (a veces incluso trepar cascadas). Hay más de 2000 especies diferentes de gobios, los ejemplos incluyen payaso, limpiador, vigilante, tamizador de arena, etc. Los gobios varían de 25 a 75 mm y vienen en una variedad de tonos de camuflaje como negros, marrones, amarillos, naranjas y verdes. Otra característica exclusiva del gobio son sus marcas verticales.

Mimetismo: Muchos blenios demuestran mimetismo de otras especies, como Aspidontus taeniatus. Este mimetismo permite al blenio acercarse a los peces que normalmente dejarían que Labroides dimidiatus (el pez limpiador de raya azul) los limpiara. Luego, el blenio da mordiscos o mordiscos más grandes al pez desprevenido.

Maestros del camuflaje: Los blennies son los camaleones del mar. Estos peces pequeños y alargados son expertos en mimetizarse con su entorno. Se sabe que algunas especies, como Redlip Blenny, imitan la apariencia de coral o esponja, haciéndolos prácticamente invisibles para los depredadores. Pero su camuflaje no se trata sólo de supervivencia: los blenios macho también lo utilizan para atraer parejas mostrando sus colores vibrantes en rincones y recovecos ocultos.

Batalla de los Blennies: Los Blennies tienen una forma única de resolver conflictos: se involucran en batallas de "frenado a mandíbula". Cuando dos machos compiten por territorio o pareja, cierran las mandíbulas y se empujan. Lo que hace que este enfrentamiento sea aún más extraordinario es que los blenios a menudo terminan con la boca bien abierta, mostrando una serie de dientes impresionantes. Es un espectáculo peculiar en el ámbito submarino que es a la vez divertido y un testimonio del ingenio de estos pequeños luchadores.

Arquitectos expertos: los gobios son los trabajadores de la construcción del mundo submarino. Estos peces, a menudo de tamaño diminuto, son famosos por su fascinante costumbre de construir casas con arena y escombros. El gobio mandíbula, por ejemplo, cava intrincadas madrigueras en el fondo del océano donde busca refugio y cría a sus crías. Los gobios no sólo son arquitectos expertos sino también padres comprometidos que protegen ferozmente sus hogares contra posibles amenazas.

Goby Gossip: Los gobios se comunican de una manera poco convencional: ¡hacen clic! Estos peces producen chasquidos al rechinar los dientes. Este comportamiento tiene varios propósitos, desde señalar los límites del territorio hasta atraer parejas. Algunos gobios incluso sincronizan sus clics con los de sus vecinos, creando una sinfonía submarina que es a la vez misteriosa y cautivadora.

Blenny y Gobio

Grupo 8: Habitantes del fondo pequeños y alargados

Blenny y Gobio

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5 Fun Facts - Blennies & Gobies

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